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1.
Iranian Journal of Pediatrics. 2013; 23 (3): 261-268
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-143190

ABSTRACT

Apnea is one of the most common problems in premature newborns. The present study aimed to determine the effect of olfactory stimulation by vanillin on prevention of apnea in premature newborns. In this randomized controlled trial, 36 premature newborns with the postnatal age of 2 days and weight under 2500 grams referred to the hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, were selected through simple random sampling and allocated into control and experimental groups. The experimental group received olfactory stimulation by saturated vanillin solution, while the control group received no interventions. The newborns of both groups were continuously monitored for presence/absence of apnea and number of episodes of apnea as well as arterial blood oxygen saturation and heart rate for 5 days. The data were analyzed by independent Student t-test and repeat measure ANCOVA. The presence of apnea revealed to be significantly different between the two groups in the first, second, and fourth day of the study [P<0.05]. The number of episodes of apnea during five days was also significantly different between the study groups [t=8.32, P<0.05]. Using olfactory stimulation by vanillin caused a 3.1-fold decrease in apnea and the effect size was 0.72. Moreover, the two groups were significantly different regarding the arterial blood oxygen and heart rate during the study period [P<0.05]. This study indicated the beneficial effect of saturated vanillin solution on apnea; therefore, it may be used for prevention and treatment of apnea in premature infants. Further studies are needed to improve evidence-based practice in this regard


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Apnea/prevention & control , Infant, Premature , Olfactory Nerve , Double-Blind Method , Infant, Newborn
4.
Rev. paul. pediatr ; 9(32): 3-9, jan.-mar. 1991. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-101139

ABSTRACT

Os autores realizaram uma revisäo da literatura sobre o metabolismo da cafeina e seu uso na apnéia neonatal. A cafeina é uma droga eficaz no tratamento da apnéia neonatal estimulando o centro respiratório por bloqueio dos receptores de adenosina. Possui boa absorçäo gastrointestinal, sendo esta a via preferencial de administraçäo. A cafeina é metabolizada no fígado pelo citrocromo P-450; porém, no neonato esta via metabólica é deficiente, sendo que 85% da droga ingerida é eliminada intacta na urina. Em doses terapêuticas (10 - 15mg/Kg/24 horas dose inicial e 2mg/Kg/dia dse de manutençäo) näo se observaram efeitos de toxicidade aguda como vômitos, distensäo abdominal, tremores ou desidrataçäo. Porém, os níveis séricos de bilirrubinas e glicose, frequência cardíaca e presäo arterial, devem ser acompanhados durante o tratamento. Efeitos da toxicidade tardia, como alteraçöes no comprimento, peso, perímetro cefálico e seqüelas neurológicas näo foram observadas aso 6 e 12 meses de idade em crianças tratadas com cafeína no período neonatal


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Apnea/metabolism , Caffeine/metabolism , Apnea/prevention & control , Apnea/drug therapy , Infant, Premature/metabolism , Cardiovascular System/drug effects , Central Nervous System/drug effects , Digestive System/drug effects , Caffeine/pharmacology , Caffeine/therapeutic use , Cerebrovascular Circulation , Respiration
5.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 58(3): 233-6, mayo-jun. 1987.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-58698

ABSTRACT

Se presentan 3 casos de monitoría electrónica en el domicilio a niños con riesgo de muerte súbita, de un programa del Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna. Un lactante aparentemente sano, sin enfermedades previas, con dos hermanos fallecidos en forma inexplicable, que a los 2 meses de edad tuvo un episodio compatible con casi síndrome de muerte súbita (SMSI). Durante la vigilancia tuvo tres alarmas verdaderas que respondieron a estímulos. Se retiró el monitor a los 9 meses de edad y actualmente está sano. El segundo paciente tenía antecedentes de 6 hermanos fallecidos entre los 2 y 5 meses de edad sin causa aparente, sufrió un episodio sugerente de casi -SMSI a los 2 meses y falleció a los 4 meses de edad a pesar de que el monitor dio aviso y se realizaron maniobras oportunas. Finalmente un tercer lactante que fue vigilado desde los dos meses de edad porque su hermano había fallecido en forma súbita, no tuvo alarmas verdaderas en 4 meses de vigilancia en domicilio. Es fundamental definir un criterio sobre qué niños en riesgo de muerte súbita deberían ser vigiladios y dar instrucciones, apoyo y seguimiento al grupo familiar. Nuestra experiencia es aún pequeña para emitir un juicio sobre la eficacia de la monitoría en domicilio y aunque no hay evidencia de que ésta disminuya la mortalidad por SMSI, debe continuar planteándose en niños que han tenido episodios de casi -SMSI, especialmente si existen antecedentes de hermanos fallecidos y alto nivel de ansiedad en la familia


Subject(s)
Infant , Humans , Male , Apnea/prevention & control , Sudden Infant Death/prevention & control , Home Care Services , Monitoring, Physiologic
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